Motion sensor for use with a bicycle sprocket assembly

ABSTRACT

A sensor retainer for a bicycle sprocket assembly includes an annular member for mounting and rotating coaxially with the bicycle sprocket assembly and a sensor element fixed to the annular member. Alternatively, the sensor retainer may include a fixing member for mounting a derailleur or other transmission to a bicycle frame and a sensor element mounted to the fixing member.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a division of copending application Ser. No.09/216,088, filed Dec. 18, 1998.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to electrical shift control devicesfor bicycle transmissions and, more particularly, to a motion sensor foruse with a bicycle sprocket assembly.

Motion sensors are commonly used with bicycles to sense rotation of thewheel or pedal crank so that bicycle speed and cadence may be computedby a bicycle computer and displayed to the rider. Such information alsomay be used to control an automatic or semiautomatic bicycletransmission, wherein the bicycle speed or cadence may be used todetermine when to change gear ratios. The typical motion sensor usuallycomprises a magnet attached to the wheel or crank arm and a magneticsensor attached to the bicycle frame. When the magnet passes in closeproximity to the magnetic sensor, the sensor provides a pulse to thebicycle computer. The speed or cadence then may be computed based on theelapsed time between successive pulses.

A disadvantage of traditional motion sensors is that they increase thenumber of parts at various locations on the bicycle, thus giving thebicycle a cluttered appearance. Furthermore, the appearance of a magnetrotating with the spokes can be disconcerting. Also, as the number ofelectronically controlled components increases, the amount of wiringneeded to connect the various components together also increases. Forexample, if the bicycle uses an electronically controlled transmission,then wires must be routed for the wheel magnetic sensor, the crankmagnetic sensor, the front transmission and the rear transmission. Theaesthetic appearance of the bicycle is greatly diminished by suchexcessive wiring.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to a motion sensor for use with abicycle sprocket assembly wherein a magnet or first sensor element ismounted for rotation with the sprocket assembly. Another feature of thepresent invention is a magnetic sensor or second sensor element beingmounted in close proximity to the bicycle transmission. Associating thefirst sensor element with the sprocket assembly eliminates therequirement of mounting the first sensor element on the spokes, andmounting the second sensor element in close proximity to the bicycletransmission allows the wiring for the second sensor element, if any, tobe combined with any wiring or cables already routed to thetransmission. The present invention thus combines various structures andfunctions in proximity to each other and results in a less clutteredappearance for the bicycle.

In one embodiment of the present invention, a sensor retainer for abicycle sprocket assembly includes an annular member for mounting androtating coaxially with the bicycle sprocket assembly and a sensorelement fixed to the annular member. Alternatively, the sensor retainermay include a fixing member for mounting a derailleur or othertransmission to a bicycle frame and a sensor element mounted to thefixing member.

In a more specific embodiment, a sensor assembly for a bicycle includesa plurality of sprockets mounted together for rotation around a commonaxis; a first sensor element coupled for rotation with the plurality ofsprockets; and a second sensor element for attachment in close proximityto the plurality of sprockets so that the first sensor element rotatesrelative to the second sensor element. If desired, the first sensorelement may include a signal generating element such as a magnet, andthe second sensor element may include a signal receiving element such asa magnetic sensor. The second sensor element may include a first sensorunit for communicating with the first sensor element and a second sensorunit for communicating with the first sensor element, wherein the firstsensor unit is offset from the second sensor unit in a circumferentialdirection. Such a structure allows the direction of rotation as well asthe speed of rotation of the plurality of sprockets to be determined.

In another embodiment of the present invention, the plurality ofsprockets may include a first sprocket and a second sprocket, whereinthe first sprocket includes a shift facilitating structure forfacilitating shifting of a chain from the second sprocket to the firstsprocket. In this embodiment the first sensor element may be located ata specified rotational position relative to the shift facilitatingstructure so that the position of the shift facilitating structure maybe determined. This feature has special usefulness when the sensorassembly is used in conjunction with an electronically controlledderailleur because then the derailleur may be commanded to shift thechain from the second sprocket to the first sprocket when the shiftfacilitating structure is in the optimum rotational position.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a rear portion of a bicycle that uses aparticular embodiment of a bicycle transmission including a motor drivenderailleur and motion sensor according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a front view the bicycle transmission shown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is an oblique view of a portion of the motor driven derailleurshown in FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 is an exploded view of the portion of the motor driven derailleurshown in FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view of the motor unit for the derailleur shown in FIG. 3illustrating a particular embodiment of a gear reduction unit accordingto the present invention;

FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the motor unit shown in FIGS. 3-5;

FIG. 7 is an exploded view of the motion sensor shown in FIG. 1 withoutthe sprockets;

FIG. 8 is a partial cross-sectional view of the motion sensor shown inFIG. 1;

FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a sprocketassembly with sensor elements fixed to a locking ring;

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of a motordriven derailleur according to the present invention;

FIG. 11 is an assembled view of a clutch assembly used in the derailleurshown in FIG. 10;

FIG. 12 is a partial cutaway view of the assembled motor drivenderailleur shown in FIG. 10 in an initial position; and

FIG. 13 is a partial cutaway view of the assembled motor drivenderailleur shown in FIG. 10 in an extended position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 is a side view of a rear portion of a bicycle that uses aparticular embodiment of a bicycle transmission 10 according to thepresent invention including a motor driven derailleur 14 and a motionsensor 18 mounted to a bicycle frame 22. More specifically, a sprocketassembly 28 comprising plurality of sprockets 28(A-G) are coaxially androtatably mounted around an axle 32 (FIG. 7) forming part of afreehub-style wheel hub 320. As shown in FIGS. 1-6, derailleur 14includes a base member 44 with an axle opening 48 so that derailleur 14may be mounted to frame 22 by passing axle 32 through axle opening 48and screwing a nut 52 onto axle 32. A motor unit housing 56 and motorunit cover 60 are formed as part of the base member 44 by insertingscrews 64 and 66 through respective openings 70 and 74 in motor unitcover 60, through respective openings 78 and 82 in motor unit housing56, and into threaded openings 86 and 90 in base member 44.

A link member 94 having prongs 96 and 98 is pivotably coupled to basemember 44 and motor unit 56 by a pivot shaft 100 that extends through anopening 102 in base member and through an opening 103 in prong 96, andby a pivot shaft 112 that extends through an opening 113 in motor unithousing 56 and through an opening 104 in prong 98. Thus, prong 96 isdisposed between base member 44 and motor unit housing 56, and prong 98is disposed between motor unit housing 56 and motor unit cover 60.Fixing bolts 111 (only one is shown in FIG. 4) extend into openings 115in prongs 96 and 98 to fix pivots shafts 100 and 112 in place. A linkmember 108 is pivotably coupled to motor unit housing 56 by a shaftsection 150A (FIG. 6) of a pivot shaft 150 that passes through anopening 116 in link member 108, and a link member 130 is pivotablycoupled to motor unit housing 56 by a shaft section 150B of pivot shaft150 that passes through an opening 154 in link member 130. As discussedin more detail below, pivot shaft 150 also functions as an actuatorshaft for moving the derailleur. The other end of link member 94 ispivotably connected to a movable member 158 by a pivot shaft 160 thatextends through an opening 164 in link member 94 and through openings168 and 170 in movable member 158. Similarly, the other ends of linkmembers 108 and 130 are pivotably connected to movable member 158 by apivot pin 172 that passes through an opening 174 in link member 108,through an opening 178 in link member 130, and through openings 180 and182 in movable member 158. Pivot pin 172 also extends through an opening184 in a spacer 188 disposed between link members 108 and 130. Thus,motor unit housing 56, link members 94, 108 and 130, and movable member158 form a “four-bar” type linkage mechanism (wherein link members 108and 130 function as one “bar”) so that movable member 158 moves relativeto base member 44 and motor unit housing 56. A chain guide 190 having aguide pulley 194 and a tension pulley 198 is pivotably mounted tomovable member 158 through a pivot shaft 199 in a known manner forswitching a chain 200 among the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G).

An actuating member in the form of an actuating arm 204 is nonrotatablymounted to pivot shaft 150 by keying an opening 208 on one end ofactuating arm 204 to a flat 210 on pivot shaft 150. The other end ofactuating arm 204 normally rests on abutments 211A and 211B formed onlink members 108 and 130, and it has an opening or groove 212 forreceiving a first end 214 of a coil spring 218 that is coiled aroundspacer 188. A second end 222 of spring 218 is inserted into an opening226 in link member 108. Bushings 230 and 234 are disposed between spring218 and link members 108 and 130, respectively, for minimizing frictionbetween spring 218 and link members 108 and 130.

As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, motor unit housing 56 includes a firsthousing section 56A, a second housing section 56B, and a gasket 250between first housing section 56A and second housing section 56B.Disposed within motor unit housing 56 is a mounting bracket 254 thatseats within a groove 258 formed in first housing section 56A and agroove 260 formed in second housing section 56B. A motor 262 having adrive shaft 263 is rigidly fixed to mounting bracket 254 by screws 264and 268. Motor 262 is controlled by signals received over acommunication bus 272 connected to a control unit 276 (FIG. 1) which, inturn, is attached to frame 22 through a mounting bracket 280. Motorcontrol unit 276 further communicates with a control center (not shown,but typically mounted on the bicycle handlebars) through a communicationbus 284.

A worm gear 290 is fixed to motor drive shaft 263 by a set screw 294 fordriving pivot shaft 150 through a gear reduction unit 800. Gearreduction unit 800 includes a larger diameter gear 804 that meshes withworm gear 290. Large diameter gear 804 is pivotably mounted to firsthousing section 56A through a pivot shaft 808 seated in a recess 810formed in first housing section 56A. A smaller diameter gear 814 isnonrotatably fixed to larger diameter gear 814 and meshes with anotherlarger diameter gear 818. Larger diameter gear 818 is pivotably mountedto first housing section 56A through a pivot shaft 822 that seats in arecess 826 formed in first housing section 56A. A smaller diameter gear830 is nonrotatably fixed to pivot shaft 822 and meshes with a fan gear834 that is nonrotatably fixed to pivot shaft 150. Pivot shaft 150extends through an opening 836 in first housing section 56A and throughan opening 838 in second housing section 56B. O-ring seals 840 and 844are disposed around pivot shaft 150 on opposite sides of fan gear 834for preventing contaminants from entering motor unit housing 56 throughopenings 836 and 838. A potentiometer 870 is fitted to shaft section150A of pivot shaft 150 to determine the rotational position of pivotshaft 150 and hence of movable member 158.

In operation, motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 counterclockwise throughgear reduction unit 800 to cause chain guide 190 to switch chain 200from a larger diameter sprocket 28(A-G) to a smaller diameter sprocket28(A-G), and motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 clockwise through gearreduction unit 800 to cause chain guide 190 to switch chain 200 from asmaller diameter sprocket 28(A-G) to a larger diameter sprocket 28(A-G).When motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 counterclockwise, actuating arm204 rotates counterclockwise and pulls upwardly on first end 214 ofspring 218. If there is no significant resistance to movement of movablemember 158, then actuating arm 204 remains seated on abutments 211A and211B, and the upward movement of actuating arm 108 causes spring 218 tolift up on spacer 188. This, in turn, causes movable member 158 to movetoward a smaller sprocket 28(A-G) without causing the first end 214 ofspring 218 to twist around spacer 188.

However, if a large resistance is applied to the movement of movablemember 158, such as when the cyclist is not pedaling, then actuating arm204 lifts up from abutments 211A and 211B while movable member 158remains stationary, and the upward movement of actuating arm 204 causesfirst spring end 214 to twist around spacer 218, thus increasing thetension on coil spring 218. Coil spring 218 thus saves the energy forthe shift operation until the source of resistance to movement ofmovable member 158 is removed, such as when the cyclist resumespedaling. When this resistance is removed, movable member 158 movestoward a smaller diameter sprocket 28(A-G), and abutments 211A and 211Bon link members 108 and 130 rise until they contact actuating arm 204.

It should be noted that coil spring 218 also functions as a shockabsorber in the event the bicycle falls over and the derailleur strikesthe ground. Thus, when movable member 158 is struck from the left inFIG. 2, the movable member tends to move downward. As understood fromFIG. 4, this would cause abutments 211A and 211B to move downward awayfrom actuating arm 204, thus absorbing the shock.

When motor 262 rotates pivot shaft 150 in the clockwise direction,actuating arm 204 presses against abutments 211A and 211B, thus causingmovable member 158 to move toward a larger diameter sprocket 28(A-G).

Motion sensor 18 provides information about the rotational state of theplurality of sprockets 28(A-G). This information may be used toascertain the speed of rotation of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G)and/or the rotational position of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G).This information may be used to determine if and when to activate motor262 to shift the derailleur. For example, if the plurality of sprockets28(A-G) are not rotating, thus creating significant resistance tomovement of movable member 158, it may be desirable to delay the shiftoperation until the cyclist resumes pedaling. Also, if the plurality ofsprockets 28(A-G) include shift facilitating structures (describedbelow) at certain locations, then it may be desirable to activate motor262 only when the shift facilitating structures are located in a desiredposition relative to the derailleur guide pulley 199.

As shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 7 and 8, motion sensor 18 includes a sensorretainer 300 for mounting coaxially with the sprocket assembly 28 sothat the sensor retainer 300 rotates together with the sprocket assembly28. A plurality of first sensor elements 304 in the form of signalgenerating elements such as magnets are embedded within or otherwisemounted circumferentially around sensor retainer 300 for rotation withsensor retainer 300. As shown in FIG. 8, the laterally innermost sidesof first sensor elements 304 shown therein are disposed laterallyoutwardly from a laterally outermost side of the laterally outermostsprocket 28A. A second sensor element 308 is attached to base member 44or otherwise mounted in close proximity to sensor retainer 300 so thatsensor retainer 300 rotates relative to second sensor element 308. Inthis embodiment, second sensor element 308 includes a frame 310 attachedto base member 44 through bolts 311, a first sensor unit 308A forcommunicating with the plurality of first sensor elements 304, and asecond sensor unit 308B for communicating with the plurality of firstsensor elements 304. Each sensor unit 308A and 308B comprises a signalreceiving element such as a magnetic signal receiver, wherein a radiallyoutermost side of each sensor unit 308A and 308B is disposed radiallyoutwardly from the radially innermost sides of the first sensor elements304, and first sensor unit 308A is offset from second sensor unit 308Bin a circumferential direction. Thus, the direction of rotation ofsprocket assembly 28 can be determined based on which sensor unit 308Aor 308B first receives the magnetic signal from each first sensorelement 304. The elapsed time between receipt of the signal by firstsensor unit 308A and receipt of the signal by second sensor unit 308Bfor a given revolution of sprocket assembly 28 provides a second sourceof data for the rotational speed of sprocket assembly 28 in addition tothe traditional use of the elapsed time between receipt of the magneticsignal for successive revolutions of sprocket assembly 28. The receivedsignals are communicated to control unit 276 over a communication bus309 which structurally merges with communication bus 272 from motor 262to form an integrated communication bus 313 (FIG. 1).

In this embodiment, sensor retainer 300 is adapted to be mounted on afreehub-style wheel hub 320. Wheel hub 320 includes a hub shell 324 anda pair of spoke flanges 328 and 330 with spoke holes 334 and 338,respectively, for receiving the wheel spokes (not shown) that mount thehub 320 to the wheel rim (not shown). A cylindrical sprocket mountingsleeve 340 is rotatably mounted around axle 32 through a one-way clutchmechanism (not shown) such that sprocket mounting sleeve 340 transmitsrotational force from sprocket assembly 28 to hub shell 324 whensprocket assembly 28 rotates in one direction only. The structure andfunction of wheel hub 320 including sprocket mounting sleeve 340 and theone way clutch are well known, so a detailed description of thesecomponents shall be omitted.

A plurality of splines 350 are circumferentially formed on the outerperipheral surface of sprocket mounting sleeve 340 for mating withcomplementary splines 354 formed on the inner peripheral surface ofsensor retainer 300. Similar splines (not shown) are formed on the innerperipheral surface of each of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G). Inthis embodiment, a position locating spline 358 having a larger widththan the other splines 354 is provided for engaging a similarly largerwidth position locating groove (not shown) on the sprocket mountingsleeve 340 so that sensor retainer 300 can be mounted on sprocketmounting sleeve 340 in only one rotational position. A similar positionlocating spline (not shown) is formed on the inner peripheral surface ofeach of the plurality of sprockets 28(A-G) for the same reason. Thus,not only will sensor retainer 300 and sprockets 28(A-G) be mounted onsprocket mounting sleeve 340 in only one rotational position, but therotational position of sensor retainer 300 will be predeterminedrelative to sprocket assembly 28. This is very useful when the pluralityof sprockets 28(A-G) have shift facilitating structures for facilitatingthe transfer of the chain from one sprocket to another as described morefully below.

The free end of sprocket mounting sleeve 340 includes a threaded innerperipheral surface 360 for engaging a threaded outer peripheral surface364 of a lock ring 368. Screwing lock ring 368 onto sprocket mountingsleeve 340 thus nonrotatably fixes sprocket assembly 28 and sensorretainer 300 onto hub 320. Lock ring 368 also includes a plurality ofsplines 370 for engaging a tool (not shown) so that lock ring 368 may beinstalled or removed from sprocket mounting sleeve 340 as desired.

FIG. 9 is a side view of an alternative embodiment of a sprocketassembly 28′ according to the present invention. In this embodiment,sensor retainer 300 is omitted. Instead, a lock ring 368′ having thesame general structure as lock ring 368 in FIG. 7 functions as thesensor retainer, wherein first sensor elements 304 are embedded withinor otherwise mounted to lock ring 368′. Also, sprocket assembly 28′includes shift facilitating structures for facilitating of a chain fromone sprocket to another. Using sprockets 28F′ and 28G′ as an example,sprocket 28G′ includes a shift facilitating structure 400 in the form ofa recess 404 disposed on the side of sprocket 28G′ and one or moreangled and/or beveled sprocket teeth 408 to facilitate transfer of thechain from sprocket 28F′ to sprocket 28G′. Such structures are now wellknown and are described, for example, in U.S. Pat. No. 4,889,521,incorporated herein by reference. Sprocket 28G′ also includes a shiftfacilitating structure 410 in the form of a recess 414 disposed on theside of sprocket 28G′ and one or more angled and/or beveled sprocketteeth 418 to facilitate transfer of the chain from sprocket 28G′ tosprocket 28F′. With such shift facilitating structures, it is desirableto activate the derailleur for shifting the chain when the guide wheel199 is in close proximity to the shift facilitating structures. Thisinformation can be ascertained by using a motion sensor 18 according tothe present invention.

FIG. 10 is an exploded view of an alternative embodiment of a motordriven derailleur 500 according to the present invention. Whereas themotor driven derailleur shown in FIG. 1 had a motor integrally formedwith the base member, in this embodiment the motor is integrally formedwith one of the link members. More specifically, derailleur 500 includesa base member 504 with a mounting bolt 506 for mounting derailleur 500to frame 22. A link member 508 is pivotably mounted to base member 504by a pivot shaft 510 that passes through an opening 514 in link member508 and through openings 518 and 522 in base member 504. A link member530 is pivotably mounted to base member 504 by screws 534 and 538 thatpass through respective openings 544 and 548 in base member 504 and intorespective threaded openings 554 and 558 in link member 530. A movablemember 560 is pivotably coupled to the other end of link member 508 byscrews 564 and 568 that through respective openings 574 and 578 and intorespective threaded openings 584 and 588 in link member 508. Movablemember 560 also is pivotably coupled to the other end of link member 530by a tubular nut 594 that passes through an opening 604 in movablemember 560 and through an opening 618 in link member 530. A tubularscrew 598 passes through an opening 608 in movable member 560, throughan opening 610 in a fan gear 780, through an opening 611 in anelectrical brush member 612, through an opening 613 in a resistancecontact member 614, and threads into tubular nut 594. Movable member560, tubular nut 594, tubular screw 598, fan gear 780 and electricalbrush member 612 rotate together relative to link member 530, whereasresistance contact member 614 remains stationary. A chain guide 650having a guide pulley 654 and a tension pulley 658 is pivotably mountedto movable member 560 in a conventional way by a threaded shaft 660screwing into a threaded opening 664 in movable member 560.

In this embodiment, link member 530 includes a cylindrical bore 700 intowhich is fitted a motor 704 having a drive shaft 708. A drive gear 712is nonrotatably mounted to drive shaft 708 for meshing with a bevel gear716. As shown in FIG. 11, bevel gear 716 has a coupling shaft 720 withsplines 724 that engage complementary splines 728 on one end of anintermediate shaft 730 such that intermediate shaft 730 cannot rotaterelative to coupling shaft 720, but intermediate shaft 730 can move acertain distance axially relative to coupling shaft 720. The other endof intermediate shaft 730 is nonrotatably coupled to a first clutch disk734 having a plurality of hemispherical recesses 738 formed on the sidefacing away from bevel gear 716. A plurality of balls 740 are fittedwithin hemispherical recesses 738. An intermediate gear 744 that mesheswith fan gear 780 is pivotably coupled to movable member by a screw 748that passes through an opening 752 in movable member 560 and into athreaded opening in intermediate gear 744. A second clutch disk 760 isnonrotatably mounted to intermediate gear 744, wherein second clutchdisk 760 includes a plurality of hemispherical recesses for seating theplurality of balls 740.

First clutch disk 734 is biased against second clutch disk 760 by aspring 770 such that balls 740 are seated in recesses 738 and 764 in adetenting relationship. Thus, bevel gear 716 and intermediate gearordinarily rotate together as a unit unless substantial resistance isapplied to intermediate gear 744. When substantial resistance is appliedto intermediate gear 744, rotation of bevel gear 716 causes balls 740 toleave recesses 738 and/or 764, thus pushing intermediate shaft 730 tothe left in FIG. 11 and allowing relative rotation between bevel gear716 and intermediate gear 744. When the substantial resistance tointermediate gear 744 is removed, balls 740 re-engage recesses 738 and764, and intermediate gear 744 continues integral rotation with bevelgear 716. Thus, rotation of drive shaft 708 causes fan gear 780 to movemovable member 560 relative to link members 508 and 530 as shown inFIGS. 12 and 13. The position of movable member 560 relative to linkmembers 508 and 530 may be ascertained by the cooperation of electricalbrush member 612 and resistance contact member 614, which form apotentiometer.

While the above is a description of various embodiments of the presentinvention, further modifications may be employed without departing fromthe spirit and scope of the present invention. For example, the size,shape, location or orientation of the various components may be changedas desired. The functions of one element may be performed by two, andvice versa. It is not necessary for all advantages to be present in aparticular embodiment at the same time. Every feature which is uniquefrom the prior art, alone or in combination with other features, alsoshould be considered a separate description of further inventions by theapplicant, including the structural and/or functional concepts embodiedby such feature(s).

Although sprocket retainer 300 was formed as an annular member, sprocketretainer could be any shape and need not be formed as a closed circle orpolygon. The sensor elements 304 need not have a uniform circumferentialspacing, and some applications may require only one sensor element 304.Sensor elements 308A and 308B may be disposed directly on base member44. The chain shift facilitating structures 400 and 410 shown in FIG. 9may be incorporated into the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, or they may beomitted. Thus, the scope of the invention should not be limited by thespecific structures disclosed or the apparent initial focus on aparticular structure or feature.

What is claimed is:
 1. A sensor assembly for a bicycle sprocket assemblyhaving a plurality of sprockets disposed on a sprocket mounting sleevethat is rotatably supported relative to an axle so that the plurality ofsprockets rotate with the sprocket mounting sleeve, wherein the sensorassembly comprises: a sensor retainer structured to mount to thesprocket mounting sleeve laterally outwardly of the plurality ofsprockets and to rotate coaxially with the plurality of sprocketsrelative to the axle; wherein the sensor retainer has an outerperipheral surface, and wherein the entire outer peripheral surface isfree of sprocket fixing structures that are adapted to directly andindependently fix sprockets to the sensor retainer without beingdirectly attached to at least one of the plurality of sprockets so thatthe sensor retainer may be separated from the plurality of sprocketswhile leaving the plurality of sprockets on the sprocket mountingsleeve; a first sensor element coupled for rotation with the sensorretainer; and a second sensor element for attachment in close proximityto the sensor retainer so that the sensor retainer rotates relative tothe second sensor element.
 2. The sensor assembly according to claim 1wherein the first sensor element comprises a signal generating element,and wherein the second sensor element comprises a signal receivingelement.
 3. The sensor assembly according to claim 2 wherein the firstsensor element comprises magnet.
 4. The sensor assembly according toclaim 1 wherein the second sensor element comprises: a first sensor unitfor communicating with the first sensor element; and a second sensorunit for communicating with the first sensor element.
 5. The sensorassembly according to claim 4 wherein the first sensor unit is offsetfrom the second sensor unit in a circumferential direction.
 6. Thesensor assembly according to claim 1 wherein the first sensor element isembedded in the sensor retainer.
 7. The sensor assembly according toclaim 1 further comprising a plurality of the first sensor elementsfixed to the sensor retainer and spaced apart from each other in acircumferential direction.
 8. The sensor assembly according to claim 7wherein each of the plurality of first sensor elements comprises amagnet.
 9. The sensor assembly according to claim 1 wherein the sensorretainer comprises an annular member.
 10. The sensor assembly accordingto claim 9 wherein the annular member includes a plurality of splines onan inner peripheral surface thereof.
 11. The sensor assembly accordingto claim 9 wherein the annular member includes a threaded innerperipheral surface.
 12. The sensor assembly according to claim 1 whereina radially outermost side of the second sensor element is disposedradially outwardly from a radially innermost side of the first sensorelement.
 13. A sensor assembly for a bicycle comprising: a sprocketmounting sleeve that is rotatably supported relative to an axle; aplurality of sprockets mounted together on the sprocket mounting sleevefor rotation relative to the axle around a common axis; a first sensorelement mounted on the sprocket mounting sleeve for rotation with theplurality of sprockets, wherein a laterally innermost side of the firstsensor element is disposed laterally outwardly from a laterallyoutermost side of the laterally outermost sprocket; and a second sensorelement for attachment in close proximity to the plurality of sprocketsso that the first sensor element rotates relative to the second sensorelement.
 14. The sensor assembly according to claim 13 wherein the firstsensor element comprises a signal generating element, and wherein thesecond sensor element comprises a signal receiving element.
 15. Thesensor assembly according to claim 14 wherein the first sensor elementcomprises a magnet.
 16. The sensor assembly according to claim 13wherein the second sensor element comprises: a first sensor unit forcommunicating with the first sensor element; and a second sensor unitfor communicating with the first sensor element.
 17. The sensor assemblyaccording to claim 16 wherein the first sensor unit is offset from thesecond sensor unit in a circumferential direction.
 18. The sensorassembly according to claim 13 further comprising: a sensor retainer formounting coaxially with the sprocket assembly so that the sensorretainer rotates together with the sprocket assembly; and wherein thefirst sensor element is coupled for rotation with the sensor retainer.19. The sensor assembly according to claim 18 wherein the sensorretainer comprises an annular member.
 20. The sensor assembly accordingto claim 19 wherein the first sensor element is embedded in the annularmember.
 21. The sensor assembly according to claim 19 wherein theannular member includes a plurality of splines on an inner peripheralsurface thereof.
 22. The sensor assembly according to claim 19 whereinthe annular member includes a threaded inner peripheral surface.
 23. Thesensor assembly according to claim 18 further comprising a plurality ofthe first sensor elements fixed to the sensor retainer and spaced apartfrom each other in a circumferential direction.
 24. The sensor assemblyaccording to claim 23 wherein each of the plurality of first sensorelements comprises a magnet.
 25. The sensor assembly according to claim23 wherein the second sensor element comprises: a first sensor unit forcommunicating with the first sensor element; and a second sensor unitfor communicating with the first sensor element.
 26. The sensor assemblyaccording to claim 25 wherein the first sensor unit is offset from thesecond sensor unit in a circumferential direction.
 27. The sensorassembly according to claim 26 wherein each of the plurality of firstelements comprises a magnet.
 28. The sensor assembly according to claim18 wherein the plurality of sprockets includes a first sprocket and asecond sprocket, wherein the first sprocket includes a shiftfacilitating structure for facilitating shifting of a chain from thesecond sprocket to the first sprocket, and wherein the sensor element islocated at a predetermined rotational position relative to the shiftfacilitating structure.
 29. The sensor assembly according to claim 28wherein the shift facilitating structure includes a recess disposed on aside of the first sprocket.
 30. The sensor assembly according to claim28 wherein the first sprocket includes a first sprocket positioningstructure on an inner peripheral surface thereof, and wherein the sensorretainer includes a retainer positioning structure on an innerperipheral surface thereof for positioning the sensor retainer at apredetermined rotational position relative to the first sprocket.